Medical Psychotherapy,
3:37-55, 1990. Alcoholic personality and alpha-theta brainwave
training --
Eugene G. Peniston and Paul J. Kulkosky
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Fort Lyon, CO
81038 and University of Southern Colorado, Pueblo, CO
81001
The
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Sixteen
Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) were employed
to assess personality differences and changes among chronic
alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls prior to and after
either traditional medical treatment or alpha-theta brainwave
training of the alcoholics.
On
the MCMI prior to treatment, both groups of alcoholics
showed significantly higher scores than nonalcoholics
on scales measuring factors labeled schizoid, avoidant,
passive-aggression, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, anxiety,
and dysthymia.
On
the 16 PF prior to treatment, both groups of alcoholics
were sigificantly more affected by feelings, submissive,
shy, apprehensive, and tense.
Administration
of EEG alpha-theta brainwave treatment was accompanied
by significant decreases in MCMI scales labeled schizoid,
avoidant, passive-aggression, schizotypal, borderline,
paranoid, anxiety, somatoform, dysthymia, alcohol abuse,
psychotic thinking, psychotic depression, and psychotic
delusion.
Alcoholics
receiving standard [traditional] medical treatment showed
significant decreases only in two MCMI scales, avoidant
and psychotic thinking, and an increase in one scale,
compulsive.
EEG
alpha-theta brainwave treatment corresponded to significant
increases in warmth, abstract-thinking, stability, conscientiousness,
boldness, imaginativeness, and self-control.
Alcoholics receiving traditional medical treatment
showed only a significant increase in concrete-thinking.
These
personality differences and changes in alcoholics are
comparable to those previously reported with these instruments
[as published in earlier studies about the effects of
EEG neurofeedback training using the Peniston-Kulkosky
sequenced protocol], and provide confirmatory
evidence that the application of alpha-theta brainwave
treatment produces fundamental changes in alcoholic personality
variables. These changes may underlie the sustained prevention
of relapse and absence of increases in beta endorphin
levels in alcoholics receiving prolonged alpha-theta brainwave
training.
Reprinted with permission of Hogrefe & Huber
Publishers